All of the world’s five biggest science and technology (S&T) clusters are now located in East Asia, with Tokyo-Yokohama leading the ranking and China emerging as the country with the greatest number of clusters, according to an early release from the 2023 edition of WIPO’s Global Innovation Index (GII).
Each year, the GII ranks the top-level innovative capacity of countries and economies around the world. In a pre-release ahead of a September 27, 2023 launch, the Global Innovation Index (GII) “S&T Cluster” ranking identifies local concentrations of world-leading science and technology activity.
Tokyo-Yokohama (Japan) leads as the largest global S&T cluster, followed by Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou (China and Hong Kong, China), Seoul (Republic of Korea), followed by China’s Beijing and Shanghai-Suzhou clusters.
All five top clusters are in East Asia, with the San Jose-San Francisco cluster in the US at number six.
Top 15 Global GII S&T Clusters by Size
| Rank | Cluster name | Economy |
| 1 | Tokyo–Yokohama | JP |
| 2 | Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou | CN/HK |
| 3 | Seoul | KR |
| 4 | Beijing | CN |
| 5 | Shanghai–Suzhou | CN |
| 6 | San Jose–San Francisco, CA | US |
| 7 | Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto | JP |
| 8 | Boston–Cambridge, MA | US |
| 9 | San Diego, CA | US |
| 10 | New York City, NY | US |
| 11 | Nanjing | CN |
| 12 | Paris | FR |
| 13 | Wuhan | CN |
| 14 | Hangzhou | CN |
| 15 | Nagoya | JP |