The European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) has publishes a briefing on research and innovation in the national recovery and resilience plans (NRRPs). The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is financing over €47 billion worth of R&I measures in the NRRPs, but the focus on R&I investment differs across the plans. In this briefing, six case studies (either investment or reform measures) in R&I from individual recovery plans have been analysed. These measures range from investing in sustainable agriculture (Portugal), to reforming and integrating research, development and innovation organisations in the European Research Area (Romania). Each of the assessed case studies has been linked to one of the six R&I policy guidelines developed by the European Commission. The briefing also touches on other financing opportunities for R&I under the traditional multiannual financial framework. Experts point out that NGEU might contribute to closing the innovation and underinvestment gap between Member States and the EU’s 3 % target.